PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.